@article{ref1,
title="Suicide among subjects with personality disorders",
journal="American journal of psychiatry",
year="1996",
author="Isometsa, E. T. and Henriksson, M. M. and Heikkinen, M. E. and Aro, Hillevi M. and Marttunen, M. J. and Kuoppasalmi, K. I. and Lonnqvist, J. K.",
volume="153",
number="5",
pages="667-673",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: There have been few psychological autopsy studies of suicide among individuals with personality disorders. The possible specificity of characteristics of suicide among such individuals has been little investigated. METHOD: A random sample of 229 subjects who committed suicide, representing all suicide victims in Finland within a 12-month period, were comprehensively examined by using the psychological autopsy method and were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria. Within this random sample the authors investigated all subjects with axis II personality disorders (N = 67) and divided them into clusters B (N = 43), C (N = 23), and A (N = 1). Individuals with clusters B and C personality disorders were separately compared with sex- and age-matched suicide victims without personality disorder, in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid axis I and III syndromes, treatment histories, previous suicide attempts, communication of suicide intent, and suicide methods. RESULTS: All suicide victims with a personality disorder received at least one axis I diagnosis. In 95% this included a depressive syndrome, a psychoactive substance use disorder, or both. Individuals with cluster B personality disorders were more likely than comparison subjects to have psychoactive substance use disorders (79% versus 40%) and previous nonfatal suicide attempts (70% versus 37%) and were less likely to have axis III physical disorders (29% versus 50%). Subjects with cluster C personality disorders were not found to differ from the control subjects in any of the variables examined. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide victims with personality disorders were almost always found to have had current depressive syndromes, psychoactive substance use disorders, or both. Suicide victims with cluster B personality disorders differed from other suicide victims in several characteristics, while those with cluster C personality disorders did not.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-953X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}