@article{ref1,
title="Military expenditure and economic growth in middle eastern countries: a dynamic panel data analysis",
journal="Defence and peace economics",
year="2005",
author="Yildirim, J and Sezgin, Selami and Öcal, N",
volume="16",
number="4",
pages="283-295",
abstract="Defence expenditures have both costs and benefits to the economy. The costs of defence expenditures are mainly emphasized as opportunity costs. On the other hand, defence spending may have growth-promoting potential benefits: a rise in defence spending may result in a higher aggregate demand, production and employment. This paper examines empirically the effects of military expenditures on economic growth for Middle Eastern countries and Turkey, for the time-period 1989-1999. The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is investigated by using cross-section and dynamic panel estimation techniques. Empirical analysis indicates that military expenditure enhances economic growth in the Middle Eastern countries and Turkey as a whole.<p />",
language="",
issn="1024-2694",
doi="10.1080/10242690500114751",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242690500114751"
}