@article{ref1,
title="A 2-year longitudinal analysis of the relationships between violent assault and substance use in women",
journal="Journal of consulting and clinical psychology",
year="1997",
author="Kilpatrick, Dean G. and Acierno, Ron E. and Resnick, Heidi S. and Saunders, Benjamin E. and Best, C. L.",
volume="65",
number="5",
pages="834-847",
abstract="Women experience alarming levels of physical and sexual assault, which may lead to escalation of substance use. Reciprocally, evidence from cross-sectional studies indicates that substance use may increase risk of assault. To date, directionality of this relationship remains unclear. This issue is addressed by the present 3-wave longitudinal study in which a national probability sample of 3,006 women were followed for 2 years. Dependent measures were obtained at each wave of the study and included questions about lifetime and new assault status, alcohol abuse, and drug use. Wave 1 use of drugs, but not abuse of alcohol, increased odds of new assault in the subsequent 2 years. Reciprocally, after a new assault, odds of both alcohol abuse and drug use were significantly increased, even among women with no previous use or assault history. For illicit drug use, findings support a vicious cycle relationship in which substance use increases risk of future assault and assault increases risk of subsequent substance use.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-006X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}