@article{ref1,
title="Event standardization of sit-to-stand movements",
journal="Physical therapy",
year="2007",
author="Etnyre, Bruce and Thomas, David Q.",
volume="87",
number="12",
pages="1651-1666",
abstract="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unlike gait analysis, no commonly accepted method for studying sit-to-stand (STS) movements exists. Most previous studies describing STS events used various methods to identify movement events while restricting sitting positions and movements. The present study observed natural rising from a sitting position using a simple method for measuring this common task. The purposes of this study were to compare commonly performed STS movements and to propose a standard system for defining identifiable sequential events. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ground reaction forces of 100 adults who were healthy (50 male, 50 female) were recorded using a force platform as each participant performed 4 methods of rising from sitting on a standard chair. The 4 STS conditions were: with arms free, with hands on knees, using armrests, and with arms crossed. RESULTS: For each subject, 11 recorded events from the vertical, fore-aft, and lateral dimensions were identified for all arm-use conditions. The only significant and clinically relevant force difference among arm-use conditions was that the armrests condition produced less average force than the other 3 conditions during the seat-off and vertical peak force events. Among average event times, the armrests condition showed significantly longer time to the vertical peak force event than the other conditions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Because these events occurred invariably in sequential order for every individual for all arm-use conditions in a relatively large sample of observations during natural STS movements, this method may be useful for establishing a standard method to assess and compare patient functionality and allow comparisons among STS research studies.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-9023",
doi="10.2522/ptj.20060378",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060378"
}