@article{ref1,
title="Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of depression: feasibility and results under naturalistic conditions: a retrospective analysis",
journal="European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience",
year="2011",
author="Frank, Elmar and Eichhammer, Peter and Burger, Julia and Zowe, Marc and Landgrebe, Michael and Hajak, Goran and Langguth, Berthold",
volume="261",
number="4",
pages="261-266",
abstract="An increasing number of controlled studies strongly support an antidepressant effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, these data come from highly selected study populations. Whether rTMS is a feasible therapeutic tool for the treatment of depression under naturalistic condition has not yet been addressed. Here, we report results from 232 depressive patients [aged 20-76 years, baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Score (HDRS-21) 24.0 +/- 7.3] treated with rTMS add-on to continued psychopharmacological treatment in a naturalistic clinical setting. Two thousand stimuli of 20-Hz rTMS were applied daily over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with an intensity of 110% of motor threshold. Treatment duration was individually planned and varied between 10 and 20 sessions. In average, patients received 13 +/- 6.1 rTMS sessions. In 90% of the cases, treatment was terminated regularly. No severe side effects were observed. Only four patients stopped rTMS treatment because of side effects. Ratings with the HDRS-21 before and after treatment were available in 130 patients. The average improvement of the HDRS-21 in this subsample was 9.0 +/- 9.2 points. Fifty-three patients had an improvement of 50% or more. These results document that rTMS is feasible, safe and well tolerated under naturalistic conditions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0940-1334",
doi="10.1007/s00406-010-0137-7",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-010-0137-7"
}