@article{ref1,
title="Endocrine Dysfunction following Traumatic Brain Injury in Children",
journal="Journal of pediatrics",
year="2010",
author="Kaulfers, Anne-Marie D. and Backeljauw, Philippe F. and Reifschneider, Kent and Blum, Samantha and Michaud, Linda and Weiss, Moshe and Rose, Susan R.",
volume="157",
number="6",
pages="894-899",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of endocrine dysfunction in children following traumatic brain injury (TBI). STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective evaluation of 31 children after TBI. Inclusion criteria included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score </=12 and age 1.5-18 years. We evaluated thyroid function, insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, and cortisol at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after injury, and assessed prolactin at 3 and 6 months. At 6 months, we also assessed overnight spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion, nocturnal thyrotropin surge, adrenal reserve, and serum and urine osmolarity. RESULTS: The average patient age was 11.6 years, and mean GCS score was 6. The incidence of endocrine dysfunction was 15% at 1 month, 75% at 6 months, and 29% at 12 months. At 12 months after injury, 14% had precocious puberty, 9% had hypothyroidism, and 5% had GH deficiency. Endocrine dysfunction at 1 year did not correlate with the severity of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrine dysfunction after TBI is common in children, but most cases resolve by 1 year. We recommend endocrine surveillance at both 6 and 12 months following moderate or severe TBI to ensure early intervention for persistent or late-occurring endocrine sequelae.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3476",
doi="10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.004"
}