@article{ref1,
title="A review of esophageal disc battery ingestions and a protocol for management",
journal="Archives of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery",
year="2010",
author="Kimball, Stanley J. and Park, Albert H. and Rollins, Michael D. and Grimmer, Johannes Fredrik and Muntz, Harlan",
volume="136",
number="9",
pages="866-871",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with esophageal disc battery requiring endoscopic retrieval and describe a protocol for management. DESIGN: Retrospective medical chart review. PATIENTS: Pediatric patients who underwent endoscopic retrieval of an esophageal disc battery over a 10-year period. RESULTS: Ten pediatric patients had ingested an esophageal disc battery that required endoscopic removal. Three patients had minimal esophageal damage; the other 7 sustained severe and extensive esophageal damage involving the muscularis (n = 5) or developed a perforation (n = 2). One of these patients had an extensive injury that extended into the trachea resulting in a tracheoesophageal fistula. Two case reports are presented, outlining the management approach to esophageal perforations from esophageal battery ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: Severe injury can occur rapidly following disc battery ingestion. A high index of suspicion for an esophageal disc battery is necessary to expeditiously diagnose this condition. Emergency endoscopic removal is necessary. We outline a protocol for the management of this hazardous problem.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0886-4470",
doi="10.1001/archoto.2010.146",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2010.146"
}