@article{ref1,
title="The effect of prison crowding on prisoners' violence in Japan: testing with cointegration regressions and error correction models",
journal="Shinrigaku Kenkyu",
year="2010",
author="Yuma, Yoshikazu",
volume="81",
number="3",
pages="218-225",
abstract="This research examined the effect of prison population densities (PPD) on inmate-inmate prison violence rates (PVR) in Japan using one-year-interval time-series data (1972-2006). Cointegration regressions revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between PPD and PVR. PPD had a significant and increasing effect on PVR in the long-term. Error correction models showed that in the short-term, the effect of PPD was significant and positive on PVR, even after controlling for the effects of the proportions of males, age younger than 30 years, less than one-year incarceration, and prisoner/staff ratio. The results were discussed in regard to (a) differences between Japanese prisons and prisons in the United States, and (b) methodological problems found in previous research.<p /> <p>Language: ja</p>",
language="ja",
issn="0021-5236",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}