@article{ref1,
title="Media ratings for violence and sex. Implications for policymakers and parents",
journal="American psychologist, The",
year="2003",
author="Bushman, Brad J. and Cantor, Joanne",
volume="58",
number="2",
pages="130-141",
abstract="This article reviews research on the implementation of media-rating systems, parents' use and evaluation of them, and the impact of ratings on children. Although half or more of parents report using media-rating systems, understanding of various components of the systems is low, particularly for television ratings. A meta-analysis of national polls shows that parents overwhelmingly prefer that ratings specify content, rather than giving age recommendations. A second meta-analysis, of experiments testing the effects of ratings on children's interest in programs, shows that ratings indicating restricted or controversial content have a deterrent effect for children under age 8 but that, by age 11 and especially for boys, the ratings show a small enticement effect. This effect occurs for both age-based and content-based ratings. Implications for policymakers and parents are discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-066X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}