@article{ref1,
title="Disaggregating the distal, proximal, and time-varying effects of parent alcoholism on children's internalizing symptoms",
journal="Journal of abnormal child psychology",
year="2008",
author="Hussong, Andrea M. and Cai, Le and Curran, P. J. and Flora, David B. and Chassin, L. A. and Zucker, Robert A.",
volume="36",
number="3",
pages="335-346",
abstract="We tested whether children show greater internalizing symptoms when their parents are actively abusing alcohol. In an integrative data analysis, we combined observations over ages 2 through 17 from two longitudinal studies of children of alcoholic parents and matched controls recruited from the community. Using a mixed modeling approach, we tested whether children showed elevated mother- and child-reported internalizing symptoms (a) at the same time that parents showed alcohol-related consequences (time-varying effects), (b) if parents showed greater alcohol-related consequences during the study period (proximal effects), and (c) if parents had a lifetime diagnosis of alcoholism that predated the study period (distal effects). No support for time-varying effects was found; proximal effects of mothers' alcohol-related consequences on child-reported internalizing symptoms were found and distal effects of mother and father alcoholism predicted greater internalizing symptoms among children of alcoholic parents. Implications for the time-embedded relations between parent alcoholism and children's internalizing symptoms are discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0627",
doi="10.1007/s10802-007-9181-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9181-9"
}