@article{ref1,
title="Aging and the Questionable Validity of Recognition-Based Exposure Measurement",
journal="Communication research",
year="2010",
author="Southwell, Brian G. and Gilkerson, Nathan D. and Depue, Jacob B. and Shelton, Ashleigh K. and Friedenberg, Laura M. and Koutstaal, Wilma",
volume="37",
number="5",
pages="603-619",
abstract="Growing evidence suggests that basic exposure measures, such as recognition-based items, might not operate identically among older and younger adults. We present two studies relevant to this debate. Study 1 provides experimental confirmation of the recognition decline hypothesis, finding an interaction between age and exposure in predicting recognition memory for an advertisement related to global warming. Study 2 assesses television news project evaluation data to explore whether verbatim detail recognition difficulty explains Study 1 results. The two studies provide complementary evidence, not only illustrating recognition decline among the elderly but also providing careful control of exposure in Study 1 and the use of multiple messages, realistic viewing scenarios, and free recall data in Study 2. Taken together, the studies offer a cautionary tale for campaign evaluators. On a broader theoretical level, the results suggest a fruitful path for communication research focused on the nuanced and potentially critical moderating role of age.<p />",
language="",
issn="0093-6502",
doi="10.1177/0093650209356442",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650209356442"
}