@article{ref1,
title="Emergency department utilization by crack-cocaine smokers in Dayton, Ohio",
journal="American journal of drug and alcohol abuse encompassing all addictive disorders",
year="2006",
author="Siegal, H. A. and Falck, Russel S. and Wang, Jiangping and Carlson, Robert G. and Massimino, Kristen P.",
volume="32",
number="1",
pages="55-68",
abstract="The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, principal diagnoses, and correlates of emergency department (ED) visits made by persons with a history of crack-cocaine use (n = 333) over a 3-year period. Data were collected from participant self-reports and hospital records. During the study a total of 643 ED visits were made by 211 people, ranging from 53.5 to 76.7/100 persons/year. Injury and poisoning accounted for the largest single category of ED visits (29.5%). Men had lower odds of visiting the ED (OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.62-0.99), as did participants with higher levels of education (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.73-0.94). Number of times in drug abuse treatment (OR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.09), having a chronic disease (OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.06-1.99), and higher Addiction Severity Index composite medical scores (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.15-2.29) increased the odds of an ED visit. Factors in addition to drug use are likely to affect ED utilization rates among crack-cocaine smokers.",
language="",
issn="0095-2990",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}