@article{ref1,
title="Risk and Protective Profiles Among Never Exposed, Single Form, and Multiple Form Violence Exposed Youth",
journal="Journal of child and adolescent trauma",
year="2009",
author="Nurius, Paula S. and Russell, Patricia L. and Herting, Jerald R. and Hooven, Carole L. and Thompson, Elaine Adams",
volume="2",
number="2",
pages="106-106",
abstract="This investigation integrated violence exposure with critical risk and protective factors linked to healthy adolescent adaptation and transition into early adulthood. A racially diverse sample of 848 adolescents identified as at-risk for school drop-out were assessed for no, single, or multiple forms of violence exposure. MANOVA tests revealed that youth with single form victimization fared more poorly than never-exposed youth, and that multiple-form victimization held the greatest jeopardy to development. Youth with multiple-form victimization reported significantly elevated risk factors (emotional distress, life stress, suicide risk, risky behaviors) and lower protective factors (social support, school engagement, family structure) than both single-form and never-exposed youth. Implications are discussed for preventive and early intervention programming and for examining the transition of at-risk youth into young adulthood.  Keywords: violence; victimization; development; adolescence; polyvictimization; abuse; maltreatment<p />",
language="",
issn="1936-1521",
doi="10.1080/19361520902880798",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361520902880798"
}