@article{ref1,
title="Risk of alcohol-impaired driving recidivism among first offenders and multiple offenders",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2010",
author="Rauch, William J. and Zador, Paul L. and Ahlin, Eileen M. and Howard, Jan M. and Frissell, Kevin C. and Duncan, G. Doug",
volume="100",
number="5",
pages="919-924",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the statewide impact of having prior alcohol-impaired driving violations of any type on the rate of first occurrence or recidivism among drivers with 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more prior violations in Maryland. METHODS: We analyzed more than 100 million driver records from 1973 to 2004 and classified all Maryland drivers into 4 groups: those with 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more prior violations. The violation rates for approximately 21 million drivers in these 4 groups were compared for the study period 1999 to 2004. RESULTS: On average, there were 3.4, 24.3, 35.9, and 50.8 violations per 1000 drivers a year among those with 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more priors, respectively. The relative risks for men compared with women among these groups of drivers were 3.8, 1.2, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The recidivism rate among first offenders more closely resembles that of second offenders than of nonoffenders. Men and women are at equal risk of recidivating once they have had a first violation documented. Any alcohol-impaired driving violation, not just convictions, is a marker for future recidivism.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="10.2105/AJPH.2008.154575",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.154575"
}