@article{ref1,
title="Acceleration perturbations of daily living. A comparison to 'whiplash'",
journal="Spine",
year="1994",
author="Allen, M. E. and Weir-Jones, I. and Motiuk, D. R. and Flewin, K. R. and Goring, R. D. and Kobetitch, R. and Broadhurst, A.",
volume="19",
number="11",
pages="1285-1290",
abstract="STUDY DESIGN: This study measured repeated human head accelerations (g) during daily activities. OBJECTIVES: Perturbations of daily living were compared to similar data from low velocity rear-end motor vehicle accidents. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Past assumptions suggest that motor vehicle accident severity does not correlate with the degree of sustained injury. Early engineering studies indicated that occupant disturbance in a low velocity motor vehicle accident is minor. METHODS: Eight volunteers were perturbed with 13 daily activities. Helmets on the heads of volunteers were instrumented with tri-planar accelerometers with output sampling of 500 Hz, sensitivity of 0.02 g, and a range of +/- 20 g. RESULTS: There was wide inter-subject response for various perturbations. Plopping backward into a chair caused maximum peak acceleration horizontally at 5.6 g and vertically at 8.5 g, with force vector of 10.1 g at 54.9 degrees. Mean impulse duration was 0.19 sec. There was no hint of injury in any subject. CONCLUSIONS: Perturbations of daily living compared similarly to the jostling expected in low velocity &quot;whiplash&quot;-type motor vehicle accidents.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0362-2436",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}