@article{ref1,
title="The consequences of orofacial trauma resulting from violence: a study in Porto",
journal="Dental traumatology",
year="2010",
author="Caldas, Ines Morais and Magalhães, Teresa and Afonso, Americo and Matos, Eduarda",
volume="26",
number="6",
pages="484-489",
abstract="Orofacial injuries resulting from violence are a fairly common event. In Portugal, however, the impact of these injuries remains to be elucidated. This study aims to analyze the injuries and permanent consequences of orofacial trauma (in a three-dimensional perspective: organic, functional and situational), resulting from violence. To do so, a retrospective analysis of all violence-related forensic reports performed in the North Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine, during 2007, was carried out (n = 513). It was found that most victims were men with a mean age of 35.4 (SD = 15.1). Most aggressions were due to punches and/or kicks. The most frequent orofacial injuries were lip injuries (57.7%), followed by extra-oral soft tissue injuries (35.9%), gingival and oral mucosa injuries (29.2%), and teeth and/or periodontal injuries (17.5%). The most frequent long-term consequences concerned the teeth and periodontal area (14.0%), followed by the lip area (7.4%), and gingival and oral mucosa tissues (3.9%). In terms of the effect on functions and life situations, it was found that chewing and embarrassment in social life events were the most prevalent (43.6% and 83.6%, respectively). These results showed that orofacial trauma from violence-related events can damage a person's quality of life, especially those concerning the teeth area, as a result of their implications in normal function and in life situations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1600-4469",
doi="10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00936.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00936.x"
}