@article{ref1,
title="Differential activity of subgenual cingulate and brainstem in panic disorder and PTSD",
journal="Journal of anxiety disorders",
year="2011",
author="Tuescher, Oliver and Protopopescu, Xenia and Pan, Hong and Cloitre, Marylene and Butler, Tracy and Goldstein, Martin and Root, James C. and Engelien, Almut and Furman, Daniella and Silverman, Michael and Yang, Yihong and Gorman, Jack and Ledoux, Joseph and Silbersweig, David and Stern, Emily",
volume="25",
number="2",
pages="251-257",
abstract="Most functional neuroimaging studies of panic disorder (PD) have focused on the resting state, and have explored PD in relation to healthy controls rather than in relation to other anxiety disorders. Here, PD patients, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, and healthy control subjects were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging utilizing an instructed fear conditioning paradigm incorporating both Threat and Safe conditions. Relative to PTSD and control subjects, PD patients demonstrated significantly less activation to the Threat condition and increased activity to the Safe condition in the subgenual cingulate, ventral striatum and extended amygdala, as well as in midbrain periaquaeductal grey, suggesting abnormal reactivity in this key region for fear expression. PTSD subjects failed to show the temporal pattern of activity decrease found in control subjects.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6185",
doi="10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.010",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.010"
}