@article{ref1,
title="Secondary enuresis: post-traumatic stress disorder in children after car accidents",
journal="Israel medical association journal : IMAJ",
year="2000",
author="Eidlitz-Markus, T. and Shuper, A. and Amir, J.",
volume="2",
number="2",
pages="135-137",
abstract="BACKGROUND: In our experience, secondary enuresis nocturna is a common complaint among children after a motor vehicle accident. However, as these children are often brought for examination as part of an insurance compensation claim, this complaint is not always reliable. OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of children in whom secondary enuresis occurred after a motor vehicle accident. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five children were brought to our clinic for evaluation of secondary nocturnal enuresis. Review of past history revealed a car accident preceding the onset of the enuresis. All but one had additional behavioral symptoms typical of post-traumatic stress disorder. Four children had evidence of head trauma, and one had psychological but no physical trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal enuresis can occur after a motor vehicle accident due either to purely psychological trauma or organic head trauma. While nocturnal enuresis is generally attributed to organic causes, psychological mechanisms also play a significant role.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1565-1088",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}