@article{ref1,
title="General deterrence effects of red light camera and warning signs in traffic signal compliance in British Columbia",
journal="Journal of traffic medicine",
year="2001",
author="Chen, G. and Wilson, Jonathan and Meckle, Wayne and Casey, R.",
volume="29",
number="3-4",
pages="46-53",
abstract="Objective: This study investigated the general deterrence effects of red light camera and the warning signs on traffic signal compliance in British Columbia. Methods: The study was conducted in two major cities in the interior region of the province, using a two-staged, quasi-experimental, treatment-control group design. In the first stage, the BC intersection safety camera program (ISC) was implemented in the two study cities simultaneously. In the second stage, 42 extra warning signs, informing the drivers of the ISC program were erected in and around the signage-treated city. In total, close to four million of vehicles were observed over the study periods, using an automated machine vision data collection technique. The data were subjected to Negative Binomial regression analysis, recognizing over-dispersion in violations over Poisson models. Results: The analysis revealed a 69% reduction in red-light violation rate at the study intersections one-month after the introduction of the program. After 6-month program operation, the reduction rate declined to 38%. The study did not found substantial and significant incremental effect of warning signs on red-light violation over and above the standard program configuration. Conclusion: The study found a general deterrence effect of ISC on driver traffic signal compliance. The study did not find evidence for signage effect. The result of the study seems to support the current BC program model, against a potentially cost-saving alternative of using extensive warning signs in lieu of the more expensive camera units.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0345-5564",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}