@article{ref1,
title="Neuropsychological Tests are Poor at Assessing the Frontal Lobes, Executive Functions, and Neurobehavioral Symptoms of Traumatically Brain-Injured Patients",
journal="Psychological injury and law",
year="2010",
author="Sbordone, Robert J.",
volume="3",
number="1",
pages="25-35",
abstract="The frontal lobes play a major role in the regulation of our emotions and behavior, planning, decision making, social conduct, actions, and executive functions. They are quite vulnerable to damage when an individual sustains a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Patients who sustain damage to their frontal lobes may not complain of any cognitive or neurobehavioral symptoms. They often do not show any abnormalities on standardized neuropsychological tests, particularly when the anterior and ventral areas of their frontal lobes are damaged. When these patients are observed in unstructured, novel, or complex real-world settings, they frequently exhibit cognitive difficulties, neurobehavioral symptoms, and problems with their executive functions. Since standardized neuropsychological tests are generally poor at assessing these problems and symptoms, neuropsychologists may not be aware of these problems if they have never observed these patients function in real-world settings or have never interviewed the significant others of these patients. As a consequence, neuropsychologists should not rely solely on the quantitative test data of these patients since it may provide inaccurate and misleading information.  Keywords  Neuropsychological tests - Frontal lobes - Executive functions - Neurobehavioral symptoms - Traumatically brain-injured patients<p />",
language="",
issn="1938-971X",
doi="10.1007/s12207-010-9068-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12207-010-9068-x"
}