@article{ref1,
title="Common rollover characteristics in US rollovers crashes",
journal="Journal of traffic medicine",
year="1999",
author="Parenteau, Chantal S. and Shah, Mamta and Tieman, C",
volume="27",
number="3-4",
pages="97-106",
abstract="Objective: The purpose of this paper is to identify various parameters that may influence rollover propensity. Method: US accident data was analyzed. The data was obtained from the weighted National Automotive Sampling System (NASS-CDS) from the US, calendar years 1988 to 1996. The parameters were divided in 2 categories, pre-rollover and rollover characteristics. Pre-rollover parameters covered physical conditions and pre- crash events/maneuvers. Rollover characteristics included rollover type and direction. Results: Rollovers most often occurred in the daylight or in the dark, and in no adverse weather conditions. Comparing with non-rollover incidents, rollovers had a higher propensity to occur in the dark and with sleet/fog or snow. Drivers were most often distracted when eating and/or drinking, falling asleep, or looking at people outside their vehicle. More than 75% of the vehicles departed the roadway and skidded. More than 60% of rollovers were initiated by contact with the ground and/or ditch. More than 50% of rollovers occurred when an opposing force resisted the lateral motion of the vehicle. This rollover type is referred to as a 'trip-over'. Most trip-overs took place on asphalt (69%) and on dry roads (60%). Of the trip- over accidents, vehicles most often rolled 1/2 or 1 full turn. Rolls that were more than 1 turn were not frequent (less than 10%). However, occupants in these severe rollovers had the highest rate of being severely injured. The roll direction rate was similar in roll-right and roll-left. However, when a trip- over was the only crash event, vehicles most often rolled left, corresponding to the counterclockwise direction seen from the driver position. Conclusion: Field data can be useful in the development of potential safety- countermeasures for rollovers as it provides insights on the significance of various parameters. Although the sample size used in this study is relatively small, the data revealed the useful trends.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0345-5564",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}