@article{ref1,
title="Risk-management and rule-compliance: Decision-making in hazardous industries",
journal="Safety science",
year="2011",
author="Hopkins, Andrew",
volume="49",
number="2",
pages="110-120",
abstract="Risk-management and rule-compliance are inter-related strategies for promoting safety in hazardous industries. They are co-existing and complementary, not contradictory. However risk-management offers very little guidance to end point decision-makers; they need rules to guide their decisions. Accordingly, it is important, even within a risk-management framework that risk-management be translated into rule-compliance for end point decision-makers, where possible. The paper demonstrates that this is what in fact happens for a wide range of operational decision-making.  For non-operational decisions, such as investment and design decisions, the need to convert risk-management into rule-compliance is equally important, although more controversial. Nevertheless the authorities have shown that they are willing to impose prescriptive technical rules on duty holders in relation to non-operational decisions, in the interests of safety.  These points are illustrated using a variety of empirical examples and materials, most particularly, the BP Texas City accident, the Buncefield accident, and the Australian pipeline standard.  Keywords: Pipeline transportation<p />",
language="en",
issn="0925-7535",
doi="10.1016/j.ssci.2010.07.014",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.07.014"
}