@article{ref1,
title="Hospitalization for caffeine abuse is associated with abuse of other pharmaceutical products",
journal="American journal of emergency medicine",
year="2008",
author="McCarthy, Danielle M. and Mycyk, Mark B. and DesLauriers, Carol A.",
volume="26",
number="7",
pages="799-802",
abstract="STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and outcomes of patients seeking treatment for abuse of supplemental caffeine. METHODS: This was a 3-year analysis conducted of all consecutive cases involving caffeine abuse in patients 10 years and older reported to a regional poison center. Excluded were suicide attempts, therapeutic errors, and cases involving only a coffee or tea product. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-four cases met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 20.5 years, 50% were women. Caffeine was in the form of a nondietary medication in 201 cases, a dietary supplement in 35 cases, and a caffeine-enhanced beverage in 35 cases. Caffeine was abused alone in 174 (68%), with alcohol in 7, illegal drugs in 6 cases, and with other pharmaceutical products in 81 (29%) cases. Thirty-four patients (13% of total) were hospitalized for medical complications from caffeine. Only concomitant abuse of other pharmaceutical products was associated with hospitalization (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.8-8.8; P = .0004). CONCLUSION: In this cohort, supplemental caffeine was abused primarily by young adults. Concomitant recreational abuse of other pharmaceuticals was associated with hospitalization and warrants further investigation.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-6757",
doi="10.1016/j.ajem.2007.10.018",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.10.018"
}