@article{ref1,
title="Effects of small doses of alcohol on driver performance in emergency traffic situations",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="1977",
author="Laurell, Hans",
volume="9",
number="3",
pages="191-201",
abstract="The effects on driver performance of blood alcohol concentrations below 50 mg% were studied in two contexts: (1) in a critical car driving situation involving emergency braking and evasive maneuvers and (2) in a &quot;surprise&quot; situation that followed the first one and featured the sudden appearance of a man-shaped obstacle blocking the roadway. The results indicate the detrimental effects of alcohol at a total BAC-average of 42 mg%. In the braking and maneuvering task, drivers under the influence of alcohol hit significantly more pylons and took significantly longer distances to stop. There was also a strong tendency for alcohol to impair performance in the surprise situation. Under the influence of alcohol five drivers out of ten collided with the obstacle; this was the case for only one driver out of ten in the control (non-alcohol) condition.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}