@article{ref1,
title="State-of-art Review on Shrinkage Effect on Cracking and Deformations of Concrete Bridge Elements",
journal="Baltic journal of road and bridge engineering",
year="2007",
author="Gribniak, Viktor and Kaklauskas, Gintaris and Bacinskas, Darius",
volume="2",
number="4",
pages="183-193",
abstract="Present state-of-art review deals with concrete shrinkage influence on cracking resistance and deformations of structural elements of concrete bridges. It has been shown that shrinkage deformations are a major cause of defects in bridge structures globally. Various factors that influence the behavior of the reduced members have been discussed. This paper illustrates behavior of a restrained member due to shrinkage and accompanying creep. For increasing crack resistance of concrete bridge structures, the research recommends using lower cement contents and shrinkage reducing admixtures. Other measures are performing mixtures with slightly higher water/cement ratios, reducing the amount of reinforcing steel in the bridge elements, and eliminating structural restraints.<p />",
language="",
issn="1822-427X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}