@article{ref1,
title="Low speed rear impact test summary - human test subjects",
journal="Accident reconstruction journal",
year="1996",
author="Nielsen, G. and Gough, J. and Little, D. and West, D. and Baker, V.",
volume="8",
number="5",
pages="40-43",
abstract="The growing problem of insurance fraud has led to an increased interest in the subject of low speed (speed change, delta V >15 km/h or 9 mph) impacts. A critical issue is what injuries can reasonably be expected at low delta V's. In an attempt to answer that question engineers, biomechanics specialists, and others are conducting low speed crash tests with human volunteers occupying test vehicles. Most of the test subjects that reported injuries experienced multiple impacts. Symptoms were typically headaches and neck discomfort which resolved spontaneously, usually within hours. The most severe injury was minor neck discomfort lasting one week.<p />",
language="",
issn="1057-8153",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}