@article{ref1,
title="The Differential Impacts of Early Physical and Sexual Abuse and Internalizing Problems on Daytime Cortisol Rhythm in School‐Aged Children",
journal="Child development",
year="2010",
author="Cicchetti, Dante and Rogosch, Fred A. and Gunnar, Megan R. and Toth, Sheree L.",
volume="81",
number="1",
pages="252-269",
abstract="<p>The impact of early physical and sexual abuse (EPA/SA) occurring in the first 5 years of life was investigated in relation to depressive and internalizing symptomatology and diurnal cortisol regulation. In a summer camp context, school‐aged maltreated (<i>n </i>=<i> </i>265) and nonmaltreated (<i>n </i>=<i> </i>288) children provided morning and late afternoon saliva samples on 5 consecutive days. Child self‐report and adult observer reports of child internalizing and depressive symptoms were obtained. Children experiencing EPA/SA and high depressive or internalizing symptoms uniquely exhibited an attenuated diurnal decrease in cortisol, indicative of neuroendocrine dysregulation. These results were specific to EPA/SA rather than later onset physical or sexual abuse or early occurring neglect or emotional maltreatment.</p><p />",
language="",
issn="0009-3920",
doi="10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01393.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01393.x"
}