@article{ref1,
title="Recent evidence from Scandinavia on deterring alcohol impaired driving",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="1984",
author="Votey, Harold L.",
volume="16",
number="2",
pages="123-138",
abstract="This paper summarizes the results of a number of studies of the effectiveness of control of drunken driving in Norway and Sweden. Econometric techniques are used for these evaluations within a simultaneous systems framework that takes account of variations in law enforcement effort, levels of alcohol consumption, and environmental effects that include indices of distance driven, vehicle mix and/or traffic density, and road quality. Effectiveness is measured in terms of the impact on fatal and serious injury accidents. Both cross-section and time series analyses have been conducted for periods in which legal statutes have remained relatively unchanged. Across all of the data sets involved there is a substantial unanimity supporting the hypothesis that increases in alcohol consumption levels are associated with higher accident levels and increases in law enforcement effort leading to a greater probability of sanctions will result in lower levels of fatal and serious injury accidents than would otherwise prevail.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}