@article{ref1,
title="Prognosis of diabetes mellitus type 1. A follow-up study",
journal="Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening",
year="1989",
author="Lien, E. A. and Graue, M. and Iversen, T. H. and Nordrehaug, J. E.",
volume="109",
number="11",
pages="1145-1149",
abstract="A follow-up of 92 patients with diabetes mellitus, who were hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Bergen, during the years 1950-63, was conducted in June 1986. The mean age of the 76 living patients was 38 years, and the mean duration of diabetes 30 years. Sixteen patients had died. According to the death certificates the causes of death were as follows: Myocardial infarction, uremia, pneumonia, diabetes not further specified, suicide, sudden death not further specified, ketoacidosis, accident to the head, and convulsions (epilepsy). The 39 patients living in the county of Hordaland (including Bergen) were invited to a clinical examination. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 37 years, mean duration of diabetes 29 years) accepted. In eleven, the disease had influenced the choice of occupation. Twelve experienced professional difficulties due to diabetes, and thirteen had major complaints due to the disease. Three used antianginal drugs, and a further three were receiving antihypertensive treatment. Four women had hypothyreosis. Twelve had proteinuria or pathologic microalbuminuria. Only two of 27 patients examined by means of fluorescein-angiography showed no retinopathy. Evidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was observed in ten patients. Since only three patients had used fast-acting insulin regularly during the last ten years, it should be possible to give patients with type 1 diabetes better treatment in the future.<p /><p>Language: no</p>",
language="no",
issn="0029-2001",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}