@article{ref1,
title="Analysis of a new front-end structure offset impact: mass-spring-damper models with piecewise linear characteristics",
journal="International journal of vehicle modelling and testing",
year="2010",
author="Elmarakbi, Ahmed",
volume="5",
number="4",
pages="292-311",
abstract="In this paper, new front-end structures (smart) are proposed to improve vehicle frontal impact. The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analysing mathematical models of vehicle-to-rigid barrier offset frontal impact using fixed and extendable smart front-end structures with piecewise linear characteristics. In these models, vehicle components are modelled by lumped masses and non-linear springs. Moreover, the hydraulic cylinders are represented by non-linear damper elements. In this paper, the dynamic responses of the crash events are obtained with the aid of analytical approach using incremental harmonic balance method. In addition, the intrusion injury and occupant deceleration are used for interpreting the results. It is demonstrated from simulation results that significant improvements to both intrusion and deceleration injuries are obtained using the smart front-end structures.<p />",
language="",
issn="1745-6436",
doi="10.1504/IJVSMT.2010.038035",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2010.038035"
}