@article{ref1,
title="Effect of long-duration impact on head",
journal="Proceedings: Stapp Car Crash Conference",
year="1972",
author="Hodgson, Volgt R. and Thomas, L. Murray",
volume="16",
number="",
pages="-",
abstract="Impacts have been analyzed in terms of degree of injury, head injury criterion (HIC), and average acceleration as a function of time for frontal impacts against the following surfaces:  1. Rigid flat surface-fractured cadaver skull.  2. Astroturf-head drop of football-helmeted cadaver.  3. Windshield penetrating impact of a dummy.  4. Airbag-dynamic test by human volunteers.  It is concluded that the linear acceleration/time concussion tolerance curve may not exist and that only impacts against relatively stiff surfaces producing impulses with short rise times can be critical. The authors hypothesize that if a head impact does not contain a critical HIC interval of less than 0.015 s, it should be considered safe as far as cerebral concussion is concerned.  Keywords: American football; <p />",
language="en",
issn="0585-086X",
doi="10.4271/720956",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/720956"
}