@article{ref1,
title="Frontal impact PHMS sled tests for FE torso model development",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="2009",
author="Shaw, C. Gregory and Parent, Daniel P. and Purtsezov, Sergey and Kerrigan, J.r. and Shin, J. and Crandall, Jeffrey Richard",
volume="37",
number="",
pages="341-356",
abstract="This study evaluated the response of PMHS in 40 km/h frontal sled tests.Three male PMHS were restrained on a rigid planar seat by a custom 3-point shoulder and lap belt. Ribcage deformation was comprehensively quantified using three-dimensional trajectories of multiple skeletal sites on the torso provided using a motion tracking system. The motion of the lower ribcage up and away from the spine may have contributed to sternal fractures early in the event and suggests that fracture risk may not be fully described solely by anterior ribcage displacement toward the spine. The tests produced valuable kinematic data that will be useful in developing a more biofidelic human model.<p />",
language="en",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}