@article{ref1,
title="Non-suicidal self-injury by intravenous application of nicotine in a patient with borderline personality disorder resulting in substance dependence",
journal="Addiction",
year="2011",
author="Gahr, Maximilian and Freudenmann, Roland and Schonfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos",
volume="106",
number="6",
pages="1186-1187",
abstract="Background:  Non-suicidal self-injury in many different forms is a classic struggle for those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Some common ways of NSSI are cutting, scratching and head banging. Case description:  A 23-year old woman with BPD presented in our clinic with a four month history of intravenous application of a liquid dosage form of nicotine that is generally use for nasal application. Accordingly the patient developed nicotine dependency (ICD-10 F17.25). Before her admission to our ward the daily intravenous nicotine application was around 33mg. The in-patient detoxification proceeded without a remarkable withdrawal syndrome. Conclusion:  A case of regular intravenous administration of nicotine has been observed apparently resulting in nicotine dependence in a person with borderline personality disorder. The original intent appears to have been self-harm.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03393.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03393.x"
}