@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol and drug use among a large cohort of injured vehicular occupants and pedestrians treated in a trauma center",
journal="Proceedings International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference",
year="2002",
author="Soderstrom, C.a. and Kerns, T.j. and Kufera, J.a. and Dischinger, P.c.",
volume="2002",
number="",
pages="493-498",
abstract="Most studies of substance abuse among injured crash victims have focused on vehicular occupants. This study compared demographic factors and toxicology test results (alcohol, cocaine, opiates, cannabis) in a large cohort of injured occupants and pedestrians admitted to a trauma center. Data were analyzed from a large clinical toxicology database from 1996 through 2000. There were 9,947 occupants and 1,547 pedestrians available for study. Alcohol and other drug testing rates were 98% and 47%, respectively, with no testing biases. Sixty-one percent of occupants and 73% of pedestrians were men (p<.01). Thirty-four percent of occupants were about 40 years compared with 39% of pedestrians (p<0.01). Compared with occupants, significantly higher percentages of pedestrians tested positive for alcohol (27% vs 20%, p<.01), cocaine (20% vs 9%, p<.01) and opiates (24% vs 18%, p<.01) There was no statistical difference in the percentage of pedestrians (13%) and occupants (15%) testing positive for cannabis.<p />",
language="",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}