@article{ref1,
title="Determination of pholcodine together with other opiates in urine and blood samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms)",
journal="Proceedings International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference",
year="2000",
author="Mykkanen, S. and Ariniemi, K. and Nummi, P. and Lillsunde, Pirjo M.",
volume="2000",
number="",
pages="-p.",
abstract="A GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) method for simultaneous determination of pholcodine, morphine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine, dihydrocodeine and ethylmorphine in urine and blood is described. The method employs propionic anhydride in the presence of triethylamine to propionylate free hydroxyl groups of the opiates. Confirmation is achieved using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the electron impact mode.<p />",
language="",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}