@article{ref1,
title="Roadside survey in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland",
journal="Proceedings International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference",
year="2002",
author="Plaut, O. and Staub, C.",
volume="2002",
number="",
pages="1099-1102",
abstract="In order to assess the consumption of drugs by drivers in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, a roadside survey was conducted during 3 months. Following accident or erratic driving, drivers stopped by the police were submitted to a breathalyzer test. In case of positive result or suspicion of drug consumption, urine was taken in addition to blood. Urine was analyzed by immunoassays and GC/MS. Blood analysis was performed by chromatographic methods on urine-positive cases to determine if the suspect was under the influence at the time he/she was driving. During the study, 140 samples were analyzed. 78% were positive for alcohol (greater than 0.8%). Average BAC was 1.36%. 44% of the drivers were positive for drug(s) other than alcohol. Cannabis was the most frequently detected drug (27% of all cases) followed by benzodiazepines, cocaine, opiates, methadone and amphetamines. Cannabis was also the only drug detected in 51% of drivers below age 25.  Keywords: Cannabis impaired driving; DUID; Ethanol impaired driving <p />",
language="en",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}