@article{ref1,
title="A new detailed multi-body model of the pedestrian lower extremity: development and preliminary validation",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="2008",
author="Deng, B. and Crandall, Jeffrey Richard and Parent, Daniel P. and Kerrigan, J.",
volume="36",
number="",
pages="272-242",
abstract="A mathematical model of the lower extremity was developed, capable of predicting injury risk and simulating the kinetic and kinematic response of the pedestrian lower extremity under vehicle impact loading. The hip-to-foot multi-body model incorporates a detailed facet contact surface, 50th percentile male anthropometric and inertial properties, and stiffness and failure tolerances from the most recent literature. Model validation was achieved using a combination of parameter optimization for component-level kinetic response and full-scale simulations for kinematic response. The three-dimensional kinematic response of the struck-side lower extremity of seven post-mortem human surrogates struck laterally by a sedan at 40 km/h is also presented.<p />",
language="en",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}