@article{ref1,
title="Effect of Head Restraint System on Risk for Whiplash Injury in Low Speed Rear Impact and Correlation of BioRID II Test Results Using LS-DYNA/MADYMO Coupling",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="2006",
author="Cormarkovic, V. and Hasler, A.",
volume="34",
number="",
pages="-",
abstract="Seat and especially head restraint design have a significant influence on risk for whiplash injury in low speed rear impact. For seat optimization, especially during early product development, a proper simulation of dummy behavior using finite element analysis (FEA) is important. For development and evaluation of the FEA methodology, several seats were equipped with occupant activated (re-)active head restraint riACTTM, and tests were performed on a HyGe acceleration sled using both the IIWPG 16 km/h triangular pulse and IIWPG test protocol. A correlation between BioRID II dummy behavior in sled test, and LS-DYNA coupled Madymo BioRID II facet dummy behavior is demonstrated. After FEA correlation results interpretation, a study of active head restraint robustness is illustrated.<p />",
language="en",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}