@article{ref1,
title="An evaluation of prototype seats using biorid-p3 and hybrid iii with trid neck",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="2000",
author="Ishikawa, T. and Okano, N. and Ishikura, K. and Ono, Koshiro",
volume="28",
number="",
pages="379-391",
abstract="There has been some discussion on whether Hybrid III can accurately evaluate the risk of low-severity neck injuries in rear impacts because it has been developed for the evaluation of frontal impacts. A new dummy with an articulated spine and a flexible torso has been developed. The newest prototype, BioRID P3 has been compared with volunteer data at delta V (velocity change) 9 km/h and it was found to respond with a good biodidelity. The object of this study is to clarify the difference of response between the BioRID and the Hybrid III from tests using prototype seats at delta V 15 km/h. The characteristics of human kinematics which were confirmed in lower speed BioRID tests were also confirmed at delta V 15 km/h. The upper neck shear forces and moments and Neck Injury Criterion (NIC) of the BioRID were significantly different from those of Hybrid III.<p />",
language="en",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}