@article{ref1,
title="Comparison of three-point belt and air bag-knee bolster systems. Injury criteria and injury severity at simulated frontal collisions",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="1982",
author="Kallieris, Dimitrios and Schmidt, G. and Klaus, G.",
volume="10",
number="",
pages="166-183",
abstract="Cadaver tests have been performed on a decelerating sled in two series of frontal impact simulation with a crash velocity of 50 km/h and a mean deceleration of 20 g. The first series involves 32 tests with 3-point belt protected subjects, the second series 12 tests with air bag-knee bar protected occupants in passenger position. The age of the subjects ranged from 12-71 years. The HIC-mean values of the three-point protected subjects amounted to 645, and for the air bag-knee bar tests 449. The scatter and the standard deviation are obviously higher at the air bag-knee bar tests than at the 3-point belt tests. The analysis of the head accelerations shows at the 3-point belt tests the highest values in z-direction, in the air bag-knee bar tests in x-direction. In the 3-point belt tests an average of 8 rib fractures occurred, in the air bag-knee bar tests an average of 4 rib fractures; the scatter at the air bag-knee bar tests was higher. The overall injury severity was determined to be an average of MAIS 2-3, thus tending to be slightly lower than in the 3-point belt tests (MAIS 3). (Author/TRRL)<p />",
language="en",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}