@article{ref1,
title="Experimental studies on leg injuries in car-pedestrian accidents",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="1981",
author="Bunketorp, Olle B. and Aldman, B. and Jonson, R. and Romanus, Bertil and Roos, B. and Thorngren, L.",
volume="9",
number="",
pages="243-255",
abstract="A biomechanical model was used for experimental studies of leg injuries in car-pedestrian accidents. Human leg specimens including the hip joint were loaded by a concentrated body mass, balanced on an instrumented platform and impacted by a simulated car front mounted on a test cart. Injuries to the different parts of the leg specimens were analyzed for various bumper levels, bumper lead angles, and bonnet edge heights at impact velocities 20 - 28 km/h. An energy absorbing and force limiting bumper was tested at 23 and 42 cm impact levels. A comparison is made of the injuries seen in real accidents and the possibility to mitigate these injuries by modifying the car front is discussed.<p />",
language="en",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}