@article{ref1,
title="Reactions of the cervical spine during frontal impacts of belt protected cadavers",
journal="Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference",
year="1975",
author="Kallieris, Dimitrios and Meister, B. and Schmidt, Christoph",
volume="3",
number="",
pages="126-142",
abstract="Fifty-nine frontal barrier tests with human cadavers were carried through by the use of 3-point standard belt with automatic retractor; 3-point belt with force limiter and preloading device; 2-point belt with knee-bar; and 2-point belt, automatic retractor with force limiter and preloading device. The impact speed varied from 30 to 65 km/h. The observed injury increased. The severity of the injuries increased according to the age of the subjects. In 4 tests, displacement plots, angle-time-histories, angle-velocity- time, histories of the cranial-cervical and the cervical-thoracic axis were investigated by optical evaluation of high-speed films. A greater displacement occurred at a greater seating height, however, not at a greater body weight. The angle velocities were higher for more serious injuries to the cervical spine than for slight injuries.<p />",
language="en",
issn="2235-3151",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}