@article{ref1,
title="Nontraumatic exercise-related deaths in the U.S. military, 1996-1999",
journal="Military medicine",
year="2002",
author="Gardner, John W. and Gutmann, Frank D. and Potter, Robert N. and Kark, John A.",
volume="167",
number="12",
pages="964-970",
abstract="We identified 215 exercise-related deaths in U.S. military personnel on active duty during 1996-1999. The most complete case information was for active duty Army personnel during 1998-1999, providing an exercise-related death rate of 4.3 per 100,000 person-years (41/963,000) and accounting for 6% of Army deaths (14 during physical fitness testing). The cause of death was confirmed by autopsy or clinical data for 85% of the cases. Arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease was the predominant cause of death for those 30 to 58 years of age. For age 17 to 34 years, 50% of deaths were attributable to preexisting heart disease (16% from coronary anomalies), 20% attributable to nontraumatic drowning, and 12% attributable to exertional heat illness, also a potential contributory factor in cardiac deaths. Most exercise-related deaths were related to running (60%), sports (14%), and swimming (13%). Improvements in health promotion, medical management, and stricter exclusion from inappropriate exercise (especially fitness test runs) could reduce these deaths.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0026-4075",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}