@article{ref1,
title="Clinical and psychosocial origins of chronic depressive episodes. II. A patient enquiry",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="1994",
author="Brown, G. W. and Harris, T. O. and Hepworth, C. and Robinson, Reginald",
volume="165",
number="4",
pages="457-465",
abstract="BACKGROUND: We consider how well the psychosocial and clinical factors found to predict a chronic course for depressive episodes in the community, held for female psychiatric patients. METHOD: A consecutive series of depressed patients, aged 18 to 60, treated as in-patients, out-patients or day-patients at psychiatric departments of two London hospitals, were interviewed initially and at follow-up two years later. RESULTS: Indices of childhood adversity and current interpersonal difficulties predicted episodes taking a chronic course (of more than 12 months' duration). Half of the episodes associated with one or the other factor were chronic, compared with 22% of those with neither. The patients were at higher risk than the community series (75% v. 34%) and this explains their much greater rate of chronicity. There was also some evidence that social support reduced risk. Clinical features and the presence of a personality disorder were unrelated to chronicity. CONCLUSIONS: Similar psychosocial factors are important for predicting chronicity in both community and patient series.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}