@article{ref1,
title="Maternal expressed emotion in conduct and emotional disorders of childhood",
journal="Journal of child psychology and psychiatry",
year="1994",
author="Vostanis, Panos and Nicholls, J. and Harrington, R.",
volume="35",
number="2",
pages="365-376",
abstract="Maternal expressed emotion (EE) scales were rated for children aged 6-11 with conduct disorders, emotional disorders and a group of non-referred children matched for sex and age (N = 30 in each of the three groups). Maternal warmth distinguished significantly between the three groups (CD < ED < Controls), while criticism distinguished the group of conduct disordered children. Maternal criticism was positively associated with child behaviour ratings even within the non-referred group. These observational ratings of warmth and criticism were found to be much more strongly associated with child behaviour than maternal ratings of their family environment.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-9630",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}