@article{ref1,
title="Auditory localization for spatial orientation",
journal="Journal of vestibular research: equilibrium and orientation",
year="1995",
author="Endsley, M. R. and Rosiles, S. A.",
volume="5",
number="6",
pages="473-485",
abstract="The use of three-dimensional auditory technology that provides localization of auditory cues presented through headphones is proposed as a means of providing supplemental information to pilots on the spatial orientation of an aircraft. This technique shows promise for reducing accidents due to spatial disorientation associated with high visual load. A study was conducted using United States Air Force pilots as subjects to determine desirable¿ cue characteristics for accurately localizing auditory cues using this technique. The study examined the use of 9 different cue types at each of 2 frequency levels. It was found that the accuracy of subjects' localization of cues in elevation was greatly enhanced by the use of multidimensional cues that provided redundant elevation information through varying frequencies and distance from the horizon cues in addition to the inherent spatial location information. Trade-offs in azimuth localization accuracy and response time were noted, however. Recommendations are made for further developing and investigating this technique for the aircraft spatial orientation task.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0957-4271",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}