@article{ref1,
title="Predicting others' actions: Evidence for a constant time delay in action simulation",
journal="Psychological research",
year="2012",
author="Sparenberg, Peggy and Springer, Anne and Prinz, Wolfgang",
volume="76",
number="1",
pages="41-49",
abstract="Recent evidence indicates that humans can precisely predict the outcome of occluded actions. It has been suggested that these predictions arise from a mental simulation which might run in real-time. The present experiments aimed to specify the time course of this simulation process. Participants watched transiently occluded point-light actions and the temporal outcome after occlusion was manipulated. Participants were instructed to judge the temporal coherence of the action after a short (Experiment 1) and a long occlusion period (Experiment 2). Both experiments revealed a comparable negative point of subjective equality (PSE), indicating that action simulation took constantly longer than the observed action itself. Such a temporal error was not present when inverted actions were used, (Experiment 3) ruling out a pure visually driven effect. The results suggest that the temporal error is due to costs arising from a switch from action perception to an internal simulation process involving motor representations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0340-0727",
doi="10.1007/s00426-011-0321-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0321-z"
}