@article{ref1,
title="Common association of HPV 2 with anogenital warts in prepubertal children",
journal="Pediatric dermatology",
year="1997",
author="Handley, J. and Hanks, E. and Armstrong, K. and Bingham, A. and Dinsmore, W. and Swann, A. and Evans, M. F. and McGee, J. O. and O'Leary, J.",
volume="14",
number="5",
pages="339-343",
abstract="Anogenital (AG) warts in 31 prepubertal children were HPV typed by nonisotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) using digoxigenin-labeled probes for human papilloma virus (HPV) types 1-5, 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33. Mode of transmission was determined from historical, clinical, and laboratory data independent of HPV typing. HPV 2 was detected most commonly (13/31 warts) followed by HPV 6 (7/31), HPV 11 (5/31), and HPV 16 (1/31). Although not reaching statistical significance, our results suggested that a mucosal HPV type (6, 11, 16) in a child's AG warts implied transmission from mucosal warts and conversely cutaneous HPV 2 transmission from warts at a cutaneous site. HPV typing provided no helpful information regarding actual mode of transmission of AG warts in these children. The high prevalence of HPV 2 in children's AG warts and the low prevalence of sexual abuse (2 of 31 children) found in this study suggest innocent auto- or heteroinoculation from cutaneous warts may be a common means by which children acquire AG warts.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0736-8046",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}