@article{ref1,
title="Proxy measures and accident countermeasure evaluation: a study of emergency medical services",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="1979",
author="Brown, D. B.",
volume="11",
number="1",
pages="37-41",
abstract="The use of proxy measures to evaluate various safety countermeasures is often necessitated by the lack of adequate direct measures of effectiveness.  This paper illustrates the necessity of establishing relationships between any proxy measure and the ultimate objective of the countermeasure -- accident frequency and severity reduction.  This concept is that applied to one severity-reduction countermeasure, emergency medical services.  The proxy measure used is ambulance response time, which is shown to be related to fatality reduction.  Additional analyses by time of day, day of week, and month of the year show how additional information can be obtained using the proxy measure.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}