@article{ref1,
title="Posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with traumatic brain injury and amnesia for the event?",
journal="Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences",
year="1997",
author="Warden, D. L. and Labbate, L. A. and Salazar, Andres M. and Nelson, R. and Sheley, E. and Staudenmeier, J. and Martin, E.",
volume="9",
number="1",
pages="18-22",
abstract="Frequency of DSM-III-R posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied in 47 active-duty service members (46 male, 1 female; mean age 27 = 7) with moderate traumatic brain injury and neurogenic amnesia for the event. Patients had attained &quot;oriented and cooperative&quot; recovery level. When evaluated with a modified Present State Examination and other questions at various points from study entry to 24-month follow-up, no patients met full criteria for PTSD or met criterion B (reexperience); 6 (13%) met both C (avoidance) and D (arousal) criteria. Five of these 6 also had organic mood disorder, depressed type, and/or organic anxiety disorder. Posttraumatic amnesia following moderate head injury may protect against recurring memories and the development of PTSD. Some patients with neurogenic amnesia may develop a form of PTSD without the reexperiencing symptoms.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0895-0172",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}